HAZOP or Hazards and Operability Study is a powerful tool to provide evidence of the effective identification of hazards, as well as operational aspects, for their subsequent treatment and reduction to the ALARP level. For more information see section HAZOP.
HAZID or (Hazard Identification) is a structured risk assessment method to identify potential hazards and their root causes, as well as negative impacts on personnel, assets, the environment and reputation. For more information see section HAZID.
LOPA or Layer of Protection Analysis. A technique for analyzing the likelihood (frequency) of the negative impact of scenario caused by an initiating event to assess the adequacy of existing controls or barriers to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. For more information see section LOPA/SIL.
The bow tie model is a graphical representation of top event (incident scenario), identifying threat lines, negative consequences, and barriers to preventing or reducing the consequences of the accident. For more information see section Bow-tie.